Wednesday, February 11, 2009

《樱桃的滋味》



人们一般会区别商业和艺术电影,是因为它们都有其相当明显的象征,容易让人辨别。

商业电影故事情节紧凑,人物鲜明。结构以需求、冲突、解围这三个act作准,有时还会标准低地出现在每30分钟以后。这些被时间证明了有效的说故事法,因而成为主流电影的框架。人们了解熟悉它,犹如明白车子有四个驱轮,它的速度快,可以带你抵达的地方也能够预算,乘坐着它,舒服自在,很有安全感。

艺术电影就不一定了。像用双脚行走般,有些人觉得累,有些人觉得看到不一样的风景,有些人觉得像在找路一样,不知道什么时候会达到目的地,到了也不知道是不是像想象中那样。长镜头、持久的镜头,充满诗意的空镜、重复的对白、不被催促的节奏、近乎写实的纪录,是新浪潮另类艺术电影的身份证。这些东西,看似容易玩,却不是人人玩得起,对那些刚要学习制作这类电影者而言,更是常有做作之嫌,弄巧反拙。

阿巴斯是伊朗国宝级的导演,和本地导演Yasmin巧合地都是广告导演出身。阿巴斯的作品获奖无数,如《何处是我朋友家?》和《樱桃的滋味》。这些作品的主题都很简单,故事发展更是一线下,人物只有一个动机,而故事就会顺着这个动机往下发展。

《樱桃的滋味》讲述一个想要结束生命的人,四处找人替他收尸。因此,来自各阶层的人,与他不断对话。开始看时,的确会陷入一种不知所云的迷糊状态(警告:别再打瞌睡的时候看)然而,慢慢地,生命的现象就具体起来了。最后,他有没有死去?和大多数艺术片一样,结局往往不是一个答案。然而过程中让观众玩味的关于生与死的问题,已经让你满载而归。

重复的对白,是我一直都想不明白的。是因为那个民族说话本是那样?纯粹纪实?(因为他们还讲得很自然)还是为了重复强调那些话,好让你洞察那些话背后的意义?当我发现本地有些独立影片也采用那样子的重复对白时,总觉得挺不自然,因此我比较相信前者,但仍有待证实。在两个人对话时,镜头也常只是锁在主人公身上,颇能凸显其一个人寂寞的世界,以及像是和自己对话。

很多人说,电影就是说故事。可是,《樱桃的滋味》更像是一个哲学家用影像来阐述他的哲学。上上下下的乘客,和车子不断绕道的景象,其实就是生命旅程本身的一个浓缩版。里面有一个寓言故事,很有意思。有一个土耳其人去看医生,他对医生说:“我整身都痛。当我用手指轻轻按我的头时,我的头就痛;手指按肚子时肚子就痛,按手臂时手臂就痛,按背后时背后就痛…” 医生检查后,说:“你的身体没有问题,是你的手指断了。”生命没有问题,是你看待生命的心有问题。

有人说,影片不须以商业或艺术来区分,只有好与不好的。如果你问我,《樱桃的滋味》好不好看,我会说,它不是很好看,可是它是一部好片。

惊喜

我不喜欢一层不变的生活。因此,让我再喜欢的工作也好,也不可能让我就这样一辈子把头埋进去的做,以至于失去家人、朋友、还有自己的生活。

我喜欢为自己的生活营造惊喜。申请一些七奇八怪的工作、参加比赛...寄出去以后,然后忘了它,然后哪天忽然有人来通知我了,那就有惊喜罗!我不善于出去和人交际来往讨工,因此在最没有东西做的日子,我最起码也会做这些...一个最简单的道理我明白,最起码,要播种,才可能发芽。总不能空有理想,而没有行动。

虽然现在生活平平淡淡,但我似乎在等待些什么,也似乎相信那一天即将到来。有人说,生活由不得你规划。申请的一箩筐,可能音讯全无,可是一个平常你没什么打交道的人,忽然或许就会给你些东西做,生活其实有时候就是那么地没办法预算。所以我也渐渐地学会,珍惜当下,把握空闲,明天可能你会开始忙,谁也不知道。

米雪在拿奖时,说过一句话:“我不知道机会什么时候会来,所以每一次我都尽力做到最好。”这个态度,我喜欢。

认真过生活的人,上天不会薄待你。

而在今年的6月,我又得到了一个惊喜。朋友计划的出国旅行,竟然成行!有些事情,我永远学不会怎么做,怎么做也不会做好,可是朋友很有本事,太感动了...

如果有什么可以用“不顾一切”来形容我,那肯定是出走旅行了。怪不得有人说,体验生活才是我的人生目标...嗯...是吗?

Friday, February 06, 2009

Dream Job: Film Director

“Few film directors, including George, are in the business for the money. It's this tremendous sense of accomplishment. This thing outlives you. Long after you're gone, there will still be this piece of work people can look at and hopefully appreciate."
Making Movies

If you can name a movie director off the top of your head, chances are it's a member of the Hollywood elite who earns massive sums of money. Yet for every Steven Spielberg or James Cameron there are hordes of lesser-known artists, happily hammering away at their craft. There are all kinds of movie makers, just as there are all kinds of movies - major motion pictures, independent films, cable movies, documentaries, sitcoms, TV dramas, and more. Some directors make excellent livings while others just scrape by, hoping for a lucky break.

In reality, making it as a director has much more to do with hard work and talent than with luck. Take George. In 1994, when he was 25 years old, he made his writing and directing debut with a dark comedy about the inner workings of Hollywood. In the movie industry, this is a monumental victory for someone so young, but while success came early for George, it didn't come easy. It took seven years slogging away in the film industry before he seized his chance to direct.

A native Californian, George caught the film bug early, and by the time he was 18 he was interning for some of the major studios in Los Angeles. "Basically I was doing full-time work for free," he said with a laugh, "but I stuck around and worked hard, so eventually they had to start paying me.

After several years of paying his dues, George became an assistant among several high-profile producers and studio executives. The connections and experience he developed there, as well as the encouragement of a fellow up-and-coming director, eventually got him behind the camera. "It was tough," he said. "No one wants to just give a first-time director a movie, but I wanted to tell this story."

Raising independent financing through various means, he got to do just that. "My first film was made with little money. I earned nothing, but it was an investment in my career. Thankfully the film turned out well." While his debut feature didn't score big at the box office, he received widespread critical acclaim which gave him the credibility he lives up to today.

Now 32, George has directed two feature films, a TV pilot, and guest spots on episodic TV shows. Which should mean he's rolling in the proverbial dough. Or maybe not. "One of the toughest parts of the job is the financial instability," George said matter-of-factly. "You don't know what you'll be making year to year." In 1998, he cleared a whopping mid-six figures. Last year, however, he only made $10,000. "It all depends. You could be making $50,000 a week on one show, then the next you're doing for free because you really want to do the project. The philosophy is, if you keep doing what you love, eventually it will pay off."

Few film directors, including George, are in the business for the money. "It's this tremendous sense of accomplishment. This thing outlives you. Long after you're gone, there will still be this piece of work people can look at and hopefully appreciate."

The majority of directors in Hollywood work outside the classic notion of big-studio filmmaking with hundred-million-dollar budgets and six months to shoot in some exotic location. A typical cable movie, for example, costs $3-$4 million. That translates into a grueling four weeks of pre-production, four weeks of shooting, and four weeks to edit the pieces together. "Actually shooting the film is the toughest," said one veteran film maker whose credits used to include big-budget feature films but now hover in the cable movie zone.

"You wake up each day knowing that there are only so many hours to cover so many scenes, and even if all the technical aspects hold up, the camera angles, the lighting, the sets, wardrobe, hair, make-up, the actors…, you can't anticipate the kind of absurd thing that could grind the entire production to a halt."

Such as? "I've had to stop shooting for anything from hurricanes, to a food-poisoned crew, to a lead actor getting hideous cold sores. The fun part is trying to explain this stuff to the executives."

From the moment a film goes into production it is the director's job to oversee all the technical, and creative details, while still holding firm to the story he or she wants to tell. For every director, seeing the finished project on screen is the ultimate high. "The best feeling in the world is sitting in the back of the movie theater and having the audience laugh at something you've created," George said, then added, "hopefully laughing with it, not at it."

- Audrey Arkins, Salary.com Contributor

09年的开始

09年的农历新年团圆饭,怎么团,也不会圆...

我在同一个行业圈子兜转,怎么兜,也转不出一个春天来...

我怀疑自己是否已经移情别恋。

在电视广播沉浸得愈久,越是更多的事情让我不那么喜欢,比如这个行业的创作氛围,这个行业的从业员...就像喜欢他却又不喜欢和他住在一起。这很矛盾吧...

回想过去,很享受和朋友一起拍短片的过程。可是如今,想参与电影制作依旧是个让我摸不出门子的梦想。我似乎没了办法,没有了拼劲。我不想要放弃,应该是说,不想要放弃去做影片,如果那不能是让你讨饭的事情,不必强求要拿来换银两,也许,就应该无论如何,平白无故地做下去,就像当年一样。

无非是求个饭碗嘛,总是有人会对我这么说。所以我不是很执著的。有人说我一错再错,硬是踩进了这个无底深渊。我问自己,都错了那么久就错到底好了...或者说,其实要我做别的事情,我忽然不知道自己还可以做什么,虽然,现在也没有做得很好。

好捆...好捆...

Tuesday, February 03, 2009

Cast Away

有些事情是不可以懒惰的。就像观看影片之后该写的反思,总是拖了又拖。终于不想再这样没动力的日子里,手脚兼脑一并瘫痪。

最近朋友间传染一股“包好看,不好看卖回给我”之风,而我那天中招,买下了Cast Away这部好戏。许多戏早有听闻,但很多时候有缘无分,没有看到。

好,结果你赢了,我不会卖回给你,而且第一次决定这将会是我再重看一遍的戏。戏里有很多意外之外的地方,显示剧本的用心。在飞机上,当Chuck走进厕所的时候,镜头移向那小时钟,以为这时就会看到小时钟开始晃动,可是没有。我在等待一触即发的那一刻,想不到用了Chuck专心看他手指的那一刹那,忽然爆发。如此的反差所营造的戏剧张力,果然厉害。其实,现在许多影片都喜欢用这种刹那间发生的手法(“忘不了”巴士被撞的一刻),营造anticipation 的做法早已过时。

在孤岛上无援无助,一般的人,一般的故事,只有等待外面的船只来打救。所以第一次Chuck看到船灯时,可能你会以为他有救了。结果没有。最后Chuck如何再创生机,又用了另一套方法。

事隔多年,Chuck当年的女友,已经结婚生子,她会怎么抉择?故事转折了又转折,让你怎么猜也猜不着。前面剧本的别具心裁,已经让你心里有底,这个故事的结局不会像普通那般皆大欢喜。

而导演的纪实叙述法,尤其让我眼前一亮。整部影片嫌少用上音乐,一切十分朴实。雷雨交加的深夜里,无声的浪涛汹涌的和鲸鱼等触目惊心的画面,实叫人感受深切。在大海中,每当晨日重现,我的心就会跟着喘一口气。

在看戏之前,我已经在问,究竟一个人在岛上,他会怎么演。没有交集的对手,没有对白,这戏该怎么做下去。会用flash back 的方式吗?灾难莅临前的深情温暖总让人推测以后这些片段肯定被拿来回忆回忆,煽情煽情下(就像“太极旗飘扬”那样)在孤岛上会不会切回女朋友那里的焦虑或生活?没有,导演一如真实般的诚实铺成一个人在孤岛上的那种生活。结局之时,你便会明白这个安排是对的。白天黑夜交错,没有fade in fade out,没有了开始、结束,没有了时间这个概念,仿佛就这么掉入一个永恒的光圈里,持续地走着……因此,我们跟着主角四处讨活,有时和他一样无聊,有时和他一样无奈。他不知道什么时候可以逃离,我们也不知道。生活乏味可知,直到他弄出火来,我们的心情才开始跳跃起来。

Chuck的好朋友Wilson这个角色安排得实在太棒了。其实主角不只在生理上需要物源的支撑,在心理上也需要另一个人的支持。没有了Wilson,我想Chuck早应疯了。也因有了Wilson,Chuck的情绪有了起伏,为电影增添精彩。虽然Wilson只是一个stupid damn volleyball,那一幕Chuck费尽一切在大海中想把它找回来的时候,还是令人动容的。能够细心地洞察到人类心理的那股需求,让这部片子更回到人情味的那一边,而非纯属adventure。

Chuck和女朋友见面了,却没有像一般那样音乐沸腾,情绪激动到顶点,两人相拥而泣。淡淡地,无奈地,这四年来一切都已经改变了。各自都在整理自己的思绪……上天总爱弄人,没有人想要的,却已经迫不得已。这样的慢节拍使观众的情绪也在铺成着。直到女友看着Chuck再一次地开车离开,我想,四年前他就这么在车里道别离开,而且你以为他永远都走了,现在你会让他就这么在你眼前再次地离开吗?结果,二人心底的那股爱终于涌现,观众心理的铺成已暗流汹涌,虽可能不会像看连续集般扯纸拭泪,但是就是又酸又痛。尤其Chuck说,I love you , more than you’ll ever know……

正因为故事里中间的描述专注于Chuck本身,女友Kelly的蜕变更显得真切。而那一部车所引发的四年前四年后的情绪才会生效。

你希望他们开着车离开过着永远幸福的日子,可偏偏这是一部诚实得要死的片子。他们的爱,也许只能凝固在四年前的那一刻,如此而已。

导演纪实的手法,是因为这部片子还是本身的因素?看来必须看看Forest Gump来寻找答案了。